High Strain Ra 33 . High Strain Rate and Impact Experiments

Experimental techniques for high-strain-rate measurements and for the study of impactrelated problems are described. An approach to classifying these experimental techniques is presented, and the state-of-the-art is briefly described. An in-depth description of the basis for high-strain-rate experiments is presented, with an emphasis on the development of a range of strain rates and a range of stress states. The issues associated with testing metals, ceramics and soft materials are reviewed. Next, experimental techniques that focus on studying the propagation of waves are considered, including plate impact and shock experiments. Experiments that focus on the development of dynamic failure processes are separately reviewed, including experiments for studying spallation and dynamic fracture. 33.1 High Strain Rate Experiments ................ 2 33.1.1 Split-Hopkinson or Kolsky Bars ...... 3 33.1.2 Extensions and Modifications of Kolsky Bars .............................. 9 33.1.3 The Miniaturized Kolsky Bar........... 13 33.1.4 High Strain Rate Pressure-Shear Plate Impact ................................ 14 33.2 Wave Propagation Experiments ............. 17 33.2.1 Plate Impact Experiments.............. 17 33.3 Taylor Impact Experiments .................... 21 33.4 Dynamic Failure Experiments ................. 21 33.4.1 Void Growth and Spallation Experiments ........... 22 33.4.2 Shear Band Experiments ............... 23 33.4.3 Expanding Ring Experiments ......... 24 33.4.4 Dynamic Fracture Experiments ....... 25 33.4.5 Charpy Impact Testing................... 25 33.5 Further Reading ................................... 25 References .................................................. 26